Castor machine oils



Patented Apr. 27, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DE RALPH FRIZELL, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO UNION OIL COM- PANY OF CALIFORNIA, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF GALI- FQBNIA.

CASTOR MACHINE OILS.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DE RALPH FRIZELL, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Castor Machine Oils, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in castor machine oils of increased stability, whereby the factors of time and heat exert a minimum effect.

An object of my invention is to increase the stability of castor machine oils by the use of sodium naphthenate.

Castor machine oils, in general, are those oils identified in the trade by their high viscosity, being used under such a condition in bearings, etc., where high heat is not generated by friction and also where a minimum loss through leakage is desired in open-ended bearing boxes.

They are made in various ways, but principally consist of soaps of vegetable or animal oils, such as cottonseed or fish oils, compounded with mineral oils, such as lubricating oils having viscosities (Saybolt) ranging from about 100 at 100 F. to about 1000 at 100 F. or even higher.

Castor machine oils are characterized by their stringiness, that is, the quality of a drop of the oil in making a string of extreme attenuation before breakage. This quality is due to the viscosity of the oil and varies greatly with the components thereof, castor machine oils made from'mineral oils, particularly those compounded from aluminum naphthenic soaps and lubricating oils, retaining their physical properties under the same conditions to an infinitely greater extent than castor machine oils made from vegetable or animal oils.

It is, however, immaterial whether it is desired to stabilize either castor machine oil of vegetable or mineral origin or a combination of both, as I am enabled to obtainthe desired result by means of my treatment, which has a proportional effect on whichever oil is treate y All castor machine oils are unstable, gradually breaking down and becoming thin 1922. Serial N0. 559,614.

heat on castor machine oils made from bases arrested, but in general the viscosity is increased. In addition to this I am enabled in compounding to use a small amount of water without injurious results, whereby compounding is greatly facilitated.

The percentage of sodium naphthenate to be added to castor machine oils may be up to ten per cent (10%) by volume, but in general the lower percentages are desirable for use inasmuch as a higher percentage adds only to the expense without giving in creased stability in proportion.

As an illustration of my invention, 0.1 per cent by volume of sodium naphthenate was mixed with a castor machine oil, made from an aluminum naphthenic soap and lubricating oil, having a viscosity of 382. At the end of eighty-one days the viscosity of the castor machine oil had risen to 395,

an increase of 3.4-. per cent.

A second sample compounded from an aluminum naphthenic soap and a lighter lubricating oil and having a viscosity of 245, after being treated with 0.1 per cent by volume of sodium naphthenate, at the end of fifty-one days, its viscosity had risen to 275, an increase of 12 per cent. A similar change in viscosity occurs, but to a less degree, in the treatment of castor machine oils of vegetable or animal origin.

The castor machine oils are those of the class described and claimed in the copending application of L. L. Rebber, Serial Number 559,613 filed May 9, 1922, being aluminum naphthenic soaps compounded with 111- bricating oils and thus being entirely of mineral origin, as well as castor machine oils made from aluminum soaps of vegetable or animal oils compounded with lubricating oils, which are thus made from bases of vegetable, or animal, and mineral origin, but whichcontain no derivatives of naphthenic acids.

In the preparation of aluminum naphthenic soaps for making castor machine oil, as described in the aforesaid application, it was found that the soaps should be dehydrated before compounding with lubricating oil. I have discovered that, the use of a small percentage of water, in addition to a small percentage of sodium naphthenate, when added to a dehydrated aluminum naphthenic soap, aids materially in compounding the soap with a lubricating oil to form a castor machine oil. A large amount of water, however, is detrimental to stability and the percentage of water tocastor maclgine oil, should be less than one per cent 1% Either the sodium naphthenate may be mixed with the aluminum naphthenic soap and these compounded with the mineral oil as just indicated in the preceding paragraph, or the sodium naphthenate may be added to a castor machine oil comprising the aluminum naphthenic soap and mineral oil as indicated earlier in this specification.

The sodium naphthenates mentioned are recovered from the waste alkali solution which is commonly obtained in the purification of petroleum distillates. These sodium naphthenates are the sodium naphthenic soaps resulting from the treatment of naphthenic acids found insaidalkali solution witha strong solution of sodium hydroxide, which soaps are used for conversion with an aluminum salt preferably aluminum sulphate, into aluminum naphthenic soaps as alreadyreferred to in the aforesaid application.

The sodium naphthenates, however, may be used to advantage, with or without a small percentage of fiber in ordercto increase the stability of castor machine oils made from aluminum soaps of napthenic acids, or aluminum soaps of vegetable or animal oils and lubricating oils, and I do not hereby limit myself to the use of sodium naphthenates, as other equivalent naphthenates may be used, but preferably I use the naphthenates of the alkali metals.

The lubricating mineral oil, which is itself a petroleum distillate, and to which the soaps are added, may conveniently. be .that distillate from which the naphthenatcs above mentioned are recovered.

I claim:

1. A castor machine oil comprising a naphthenic soap, an alkali metal naphthenate other than'said soap and an oil, the product being insoluble in water.

2. A castor machine oil comprising a naphthenic soap, an alkali metal naphthenate other than said soap and a mineral oil, the product being insoluble in water.

3. A castor machine oil comprising a naphthenate soap, sodium naphthenate other than said soap and an oil, the product being insoluble in water.

4:. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenate soap, a sodium naphthenate and an oil.

5. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenate soap with less than about ten. per cent of sodium naphthenate, and an oil.

6. A castor machine oil comprising aluminum naphthenate, a naphthenic soap other than said naphthenate, and a mineral o1 7. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenic soap, sodium naphthenates, and a mineral oil.

8. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenic soap, sodium naphthenates, water, and a mineral oil.

9. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenic soap with less than eleven per cent (11%) of its volume of sodium naphthenate and a mineral oil.

10. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenic soap with 0.1 per cent of its volume of sodium naphthenate and a mineral oil. y Y

11. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenic soap with less than eleven per cent (11%) of its volume of sodium naphthenate and with less than two per cent (2%) of its volume of water, and a mineral oil.

12. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenic soap with 0.1 per cent of its volume of sodium naphthenate 0.07 to 0.125 per cent of its volume of water, and a mineral'oil.

13. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenic soap with about 0.1% of sodium naphthenate and an oil.

14. A castor machine oil comprising an aluminum naphthenic soap with about 0.1% of sodium naphthenate dissolved in an oil, and water equal to less than 1% of the oil.

Signed at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles, and State of California, this 27 day of March A. D. 1922.

DE RALPH FRIZELL. 

